Vážení čitatelia,

prinášame Vám v poradí štvrté číslo recenzovaného časopisu Scientia et Eruditio.

Pochopiť, zhodnotiť, aplikovať vedecký obsah v našom každodennom živote a poznať spôsob jeho vzniku je dôležité pri rozhodovaní o významných spoločenských otázkach. Napriek tomu si takmer polovica Európanov nemyslí, že sú to práve vedecké poznatky, ktoré sú v živote nenahraditeľné. Nedostatočná spôsobilosť kritického zhodnotenia vedeckých dôkazov sa odzrkadľuje v nesprávnych vyhodnoteniach a rozhodnutiach. Každý človek by mal pochopiť, ako sa vedecké zistenia tvoria, spôsob, akým veda „funguje“ a využívať tieto informácie na inováciu toho, čo podporuje hospodársky rast a tiež na riešenie spoločenských problémov.

Cieľom časopisu Scientia et Eruditio je spájať aspekt vedy a aspekt vzdelanosti. Spolupráca by mala nastať i vo vnútri sekcie, medzi prírodovednými disciplínami i medzi jej subdisciplínami. Zo vzájomnej spolupráce môže profitovať nielen jednotlivec, ale i celá skupina.

Predložené vedecké a odborné články sa dotýkajú rôznych prírodovedných disciplín, zaoberajú sa odlišnými cieľmi, avšak ich vzájomná kontinuita a integrita je zrejmá.

Príjemné čítanie praje Jana Fančovičová

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Abstract: Snakes were significant predators of our mammalian ancestors. Not surprisingly, therefore, the fear of snakes persists to the present. According to the bright coloration hypothesis, we are afraid of the snakes due to their conspicuous colouring. We investigated the role of aposematic colouration in fear of snakes in a sample of 5 to 6 year­‑old Slovak children. In contrast to the bright colouration hypothesis, participants quickly detected both aposematic and cryptic snakes among different coloured vertebrates and invertebrates irrespective of snake coloration. Gender differences in responses to snakes were not significant. In conclusion, bright coloration seems not to be a prominent cue eliciting fear of snakes in humans.

Keywords: fear, aposematism, crypticism, snakes, predator.

ISSN:	2585­‑8556		Source Type:	journal
Document Type:	article		Article language:	Slovak
Paper fulltext:	download article, file size: 302,81 kB (295,72 KiB)
Pages:	1–6		More publishing data.
DOI:	https://doi.​org/​10.​31262/​2585­‑8556/​2018/​2/​1/​1­‑6

Abstract: Unsecured landfills pose a serious risk to the environment by possible penetration of mobile contaminants into soil, subsoil, groundwater and potentially into the food chain. Promising remediation technologies are represented by immobilization of such contaminants by the application of suitable soil additives. In the study, we investigated the possibility of using biochar prepared from garden waste in the process of slow pyrolysis as a potential soil additive for the immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil. The results show a significant reduction in the concentration of available forms of Cd, Pb and Zn in the soil samples treated by biochar. Decrease in availability of Cu after addition of biochar was not observed, suggesting the difference in Cu binding mechanisms compared to other metals. More detailed studies are required in the context of pH changes, the sorption potential of biochar and amount of soluble organic forms of carbon.

Keywords: biochar, immobilization, heavy metals, remediation, sorption interactions.

ISSN:	2585­‑8556		Source Type:	journal
Document Type:	article		Article language:	Slovak
Paper fulltext:	download article, file size: 768,69 kB (750,68 KiB)
Pages:	7–15		More publishing data.
DOI:	https://doi.​org/​10.​31262/​2585­‑8556/​2018/​2/​1/​7­‑15

Abstract: Flower opening/closure has received strong attention since Darwin, but its evolutionary, ultimate function is poorly understood. Carl von Linné suggested that flower opening/closure follows fixed circadian rhythm (Linné’s clock), but recent research showed that flower closure may be induced by some environmental variables (e.g., humidity, light) as well as by the onset of pollination. According to Linné, common chicory (Cichorium intybus) should be closed at about 14:00. We performed field observations of flower opening/closure in common chicory between August and September 2016. We found that mean flower opening took about 300 min, but it is influenced by time of season. Flowers were open for longer time as the season progressed, which could be influenced either by temperature drop, shorter time of day and/or by lower pollinator activity. Future research should disentangle the factors which influence flower closure in common chicory.

Keywords: common chicory, flower opening/closure, seasonal differences.

ISSN:	2585­‑8556		Source Type:	journal
Document Type:	article		Article language:	Slovak
Paper fulltext:	download article, file size: 406,79 kB (397,25 KiB)
Pages:	16–22		More publishing data.
DOI:	https://doi.​org/​10.​31262/​2585­‑8556/​2018/​2/​1/​16­‑22

Abstract: Safety analysis is carried out in the process of development of control systems. We suggest designing it based on models that will detect deviations between real system operation (real values) and ideal system operation (ideal values set in models). The models will be created especially for safety­‑critical processes of system operation that could threaten it.

Keywords: safety analysis, dynamic systems, safety­‑critical systems.

ISSN:	2585­‑8556		Source Type:	journal
Document Type:	article		Article language:	Slovak
Paper fulltext:	download article, file size: 236,20 kB (230,66 KiB)
Pages:	23–28		More publishing data.
DOI:	https://doi.​org/​10.​31262/​2585­‑8556/​2018/​2/​1/​23­‑28

Abstract: Each area of science has its own attractive themes which attract attention of many scientists and due to today’s rapid dissemination of information, these themes get into awareness of grass­‑roots. For example, the Theory of Strings, or Theory of Chaos in Physics, the possibilities of repairing of DNA or its cloning with use restricted endonucleases in Biology and Chemistry, trying to prove famous Riemann’s zeta hypothesis in Mathematics. Another interesting area of Mathematics is fractal geometry. Its applicability is not stopped only at an abstract level, but in the applied form it is used in already mentioned natural sciences. In contrast with classic Euclid’s geometry, which deals with geometrically smooth and regular geometric shapes, the fractal geometry is the geometry of real world, where we can see mostly irregularities. Just look at the clouds, lightning, branching up of lops at trees or vessels in human body.

Keywords: fractals, Mandelbrot set, Koch snowflake, Sierpinski triangle, application of fractals.

ISSN:	2585­‑8556		Source Type:	journal
Document Type:	article		Article language:	Slovak
Paper fulltext:	download article, file size: 440,74 kB (430,41 KiB)
Pages:	29–40		More publishing data.
DOI:	https://doi.​org/​10.​31262/​2585­‑8556/​2018/​2/​1/​29­‑40