While some linguistics distinguish between three lecture modes, such as memorization, reading aloud and fresh talk, usually the lecturer stands at the front of the room and recites information relevant to the lectureʼs content.

TALK-AND-CHALK
the main visual aid is the board.

GIVE-AND-TAKE
material is presented to encourage discussion, questions and comments.

REPORT-AND-DISCUSS
topics are allocated for study, presentation and discussion in the class,
studentsʼ participation is integral.

Lectures are often criticised as a one-way teaching method that does not involve significant audience participation. On the other hand, universities have not yet found practical alternative teaching methods for a large number of students. Lectures delivered by good speakers can be motivating, interesting and challenging. Although they seem to promote the idea that professorʼs lecture notes go straight to the studentsʼ lecture notes, without passing through the brains of either (Mark Twainʼs quote), lectures represent a continuation of oral tradition in contrast to textual communication in books and other media.