The length of an abstract may be anything from 50 to 200 words. To some extent, length depends on how extensive the topic of the paper is, and how complicated or numerous the results are. It is necessary to check the guidelines or instructions to authors for possible details about maximum length of abstract. An abstract states the purpose or specific objectives of the study or investigation.

An abstract usually indicates the basic methodology used, e.g. the number and type of respondents involved, experimental procedures, observational and analytic methods:
A total of 120 students of secondary grammar schools were tested at level B1from all the language communicative skills.

The main results will be found in the abstract. This may include a brief summary of the data and statistical significance where necessary. For example:
Seventy-five percent (90 students) achieved higher than cut-off scores.

Principal conclusions are stated clearly and briefly without lengthy discussion. A conclusion might be definite, as in this example:
It seems certain therefore, that it is important to teach various testing techniques to have students prepared for being tested through both close-ended and open-ended items.

A conclusion may be hedged – the author carefully avoids giving direct and strong commitments to a position or point of view but without seeming to be too vague. For example, We cannot help but wonder whether this approach to testing has outlived its usefulness. The context may, indeed, play a crucial part. Our own experience suggests that authentic material, contextualized items and open-ended tasks seem more sensible.