Comparison of Formal and Informal English
Academic register is usually described as formal. Students who have learnt English formally, may have relatively fewer problems in the use of formal language than those who have picked up the language through being exposed to everyday spoken language.

Vocabulary

FORMAL

Vocabulary:
Latin based words
Uncommon words

Punctuation:
Full words

Grammar:
Passive constructions
Noun phrases
Complex sentences

When?

When?

  • writing an essay for a class.
  • writing an email for work thatʼs going to go out to a lot of people in the company who you donʼt personally know.
  • speaking to a customer who you donʼt know on a first-name basis.
  • speaking with/t someone whoʼs a lot older than you.

 

Vocabulary

INFORMAL

Vocabulary:
Anglo-Saxon words (phrasal verbs)
Common words

Punctuation:
Abbreviations
Contractions

Grammar:
Active constructions
Verb phrases
Simple sentences

When?

When?
speaking with/to friends and relatives
writing to friends and relatives

 

Vocabulary

SEMI-FORMAL

Vocabulary:
neutral

Grammar:
Common

Contractions:
the first person singular or plural

Simple and Compound Sentences

When?

When?
colleagues, peers